I unplugged my Arduino fairly fast and best I can tell, there has been no permanent damage.
I'm still learning causes, but most causes seem to be related to power usage.
In my case I was running 2 DC motors off the Arduino, where 1 motor especially sometimes pulled a lot of current.
The circuit needed to be using an external power source, like a 9V battery to run the motors.
Why would my program run fine sometimes and buzz other times? In part because I often used only 1 motor at a time and the motor drew less current after a second or so. So my delay time made a difference.
Using a multi-meter and battery, I measured the current each motor drew and found:
1. Not bad idea to know what current is being used, especially by small motors.
2. Two motors need an external power source because exceed the max current the Arduino can support(~2A).
Lists of causes...
- 5 Ways to Destroy an Arduino (explained to beginners)
- https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=271989.0 nice list
- https://www.rugged-circuits.com/10-ways-to-destroy-an-arduino/ Technical details
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